Rekonstruksi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Hak atas Tanah dalam Kasus Sertifikat Ganda: Analisis Normatif atas Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 309 PK/PDT/2021
Keywords:
dual certificates, legal certainty, legal protection, UUPA, land disputesAbstract
This study aims to examine the legal consequences of overlapping land certificates under the Basic Agrarian Law (Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria [UUPA]) and to analyze the legal protection reflected in Supreme Court Decision No. 309 PK/PDT/2021. This research employs a normative legal method using conceptual, statutory, and case approaches. Data were collected through an extensive literature review of legislation, judicial decisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly publications. The findings reveal that overlapping land certificates give rise to significant legal consequences, including ownership disputes requiring judicial settlement, the cancellation of invalid land certificates, and legal protection for good-faith purchasers who acquire land without knowledge of existing defects in title. The UUPA provides the principal legal framework for resolving such disputes by offering both preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive protection focuses on ensuring legal certainty through proper land registration procedures and dispute prevention mechanisms, while repressive protection guarantees the enforcement of legal rights through judicial proceedings and the annulment of unlawfully issued certificates. Furthermore, Supreme Court Decision No. 309 PK/PDT/2021 reinforces these principles by affirming that any transfer of land rights must be suspended until the ownership dispute has been conclusively resolved, thereby safeguarding legal certainty, protecting legitimate rights, and promoting fairness in Indonesia's land administration system.
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